While genetic factors likely play a role in the development of this Wobbler’s Syndrome in dogs, excess dietary calcium and protein appear to contribute to cervical spondylopathy as well. In cases where the paralysis is progressive the prognosis may be guarded.
Canine Wobbler’s Syndrome Defined
Wobbler’s Syndrome is so named because affected dogs, usually Great Danes and Dobermans, appear to wobble or be unstable. The more formal names describe the syndrome in terms of the anatomical structures that are affected.A syndrome is a set of symptoms which occur together. Spondylopathy is any disease of the vertebrae or spinal bones. The cervical spinal vertebrae are those found in the neck.
Thus Canine Wobbler’s Syndrome is a disease of the bones of the spinal column in the neck area. Myelopathy is a change or disturbance in the functioning of the spinal cord. Canine spondylomyelopathy is, therefore, a more accurate term for this syndrome as the instability of the bones of the spinal column causes damage to the spinal cord.
Symptoms of Canine Cervical Spondelomyelopathy
The symptoms seen in dogs with canine wobbler’s syndrome seem to manifest differently in Great Danes and Dobermans. Most Great Danes with cervical spondylomyelopathy will show signs at a young age-anywhere between three and twelve months. This form develops slowly.
Initially the dog owner may notice some clumsiness, especially on smooth surfaces such as wood or linoleum floors. The dog may have difficulty turning or may drag its toes. In the early stages, the hind limbs are the most affected with gait abnormalities progressing to the front legs over time. While these dogs may tend to stretch their necks and be reluctant to bend the neck, there is generally little neck pain.
Dobermans are more prone to developing acute canine cervical spondelomyopathy symptoms between the ages of five and seven years. These dogs experience neck pain and have problems with the front legs as well as the rear. While the symptoms in these cases may occur more quickly, these dogs may respond better to surgical intervention than the slow onset cases do.
Causes of Canine Wobbler’s Syndrome
The fact that two breeds of dog are prone to this syndrome points toward the potential for a genetic basis. The other potential contributing factor may be hyper-nutrition. Diets with high levels of protein and calcium may contribute to malformation of the cervical vertebrae, causing pressure on the spinal cord. Owners of Great Dane or Doberman puppies should consult with their veterinarian to determine the optimum diet for their puppy to reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Diagnosis of Canine Spondelomyelopathy
Because several other neurological problems may present with similar signs, it is important that a thorough diagnostic work up be done on the suspected Wobbler’s Syndrome dog. A complete physical exam and laboratory tests can rule out infectious disease. Initial radiographs can rule out some conditions including traumatic injury to the cervical spine. Beyond that, a myelogram may be needed if there is any question regarding the diagnosis.
Treatment of Wobbler's Syndrome in Dogs
Dogs with mild Wobbler’s Syndrome may respond positively to rest and a brace to stabilize the neck. Steroids may be prescribed as well. More severe cases, especially those where the onset of symptoms is sudden, may be helped by surgery. Unfortunately, in some cases, it may not be possible to stop the progressive paralysis.
Each case is unique, making it is extremely important for the dog owner to work closely with the veterinarian to ensure that their Canine Wobbler’s Syndrome dog receives the best possible care.
For information about other neurological disorders including Canine Degenerative Myelopathy, see Neurological Disorders in Dogs Can Be Confusing and Managing Canine Degenerative Myelopathy.
Dawn M. Smith - A vet nurse, Dawn has worked in wildlife rehabilitation and conservation around the world in addition to her veterinary hospital ...
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